{"id":223,"date":"2024-07-21T11:45:24","date_gmt":"2024-07-21T11:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dockerpros.com\/?p=223"},"modified":"2024-07-21T11:45:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-21T11:45:24","slug":"what-is-a-build-cache-in-docker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dockerpros.com\/fr\/optimization-and-best-practices\/what-is-a-build-cache-in-docker\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a build cache in Docker?"},"content":{"rendered":"

What is a Build Cache in Docker?<\/h2>\n

\u00c0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 l'informatique en nuage et la conteneurisation deviennent la norme pour le d\u00e9ploiement et la gestion des applications, Docker se distingue comme un outil puissant qui rationalise ces processus. L'une des fonctionnalit\u00e9s essentielles qui am\u00e9liore l'efficacit\u00e9 et les performances de Docker est le cache de construction. Dans cet article, nous allons approfondir le concept des caches de construction, leur importance, leur fonctionnement, les meilleures pratiques pour les utiliser, ainsi que les pi\u00e8ges courants \u00e0 \u00e9viter.<\/p>\n

Understanding Docker Build Process<\/h3>\n

Before diving into build caches, it\u2019s crucial to understand the Docker build process. Docker utilizes a client-server architecture where the Docker client communicates with the Docker d\u00e9mon<\/a><\/span>Un d\u00e9mon est un processus d'arri\u00e8re-plan en informatique qui s'ex\u00e9cute de mani\u00e8re autonome, effectuant des t\u00e2ches sans intervention de l'utilisateur. Il g\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des fonctions au niveau du syst\u00e8me ou de l'application, am\u00e9liorant ainsi l'efficacit\u00e9. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> g\u00e9rer conteneur<\/a><\/span>Containers are lightweight, portable units that encapsulate software and its dependencies, enabling consistent execution across different environments. They leverage OS-level virtualization for efficiency. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> images and containers. When you create a Docker image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, tu \u00e9cris g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code> that contains a series of instructions. Each instruction in a Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code> corresponds to a layer in the resulting image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Quand vous run<\/a><\/span>\"RUN\" refers to a command in various programming languages and operating systems to execute a specified program or script. It initiates processes, providing a controlled environment for task execution. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> the docker build<\/code> commande, Docker traite les instructions dans le Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code> sequentially, generating layers and ultimately producing a final image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Each layer is a snapshot of the filesystem at a particular stage of the build.<\/p>\n

The Role of Build Caches<\/h3>\n

Le processus de construction peut \u00eatre long, en particulier pour les grandes applications avec de nombreuses d\u00e9pendances. C'est l\u00e0 qu'intervient le cache de construction. Le cache de construction permet \u00e0 Docker de stocker les couches interm\u00e9diaires des images, qui peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9utilis\u00e9es lors des constructions futures. Ce m\u00e9canisme peut consid\u00e9rablement acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le processus de construction et r\u00e9duire la consommation de ressources, offrant ainsi une exp\u00e9rience de d\u00e9veloppement plus efficace.<\/p>\n

How Build Caches Work<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Layering<\/strong>: When you build an image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, Docker breaks the image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> down into layers. Each layer corresponds to a specific instruction in the Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code>. For example, if your Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code> a une commande pour installer un package, cette commande cr\u00e9e une nouvelle couche.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Identification du cache<\/strong>: Docker uses a checksum based on the content of each instruction and its context (like the files being copied) to identify whether a cache layer is valid. If the content hasn\u2019t changed since the last build, Docker will reuse the cached layer instead of creating a new one.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    R\u00e9utilisation des couches<\/strong>: If a layer can be reused, Docker will skip the execution of that instruction and all subsequent instructions until it reaches a command that hasn\u2019t been cached. This means that only the changed layers (and any layers that depend on them) need to be rebuilt, saving time and resources.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Benefits of Using Build Caches<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \n

      vitesse<\/strong>: The most apparent benefit is the reduction in build times. By reusing layers, Docker can significantly speed up the build process, especially for large images.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Efficacit\u00e9 des ressources<\/strong>: By avoiding redundant operations, build caches minimize CPU and memory usage during the build process. This is particularly important in continuous integration\/continuous deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines where rapid builds are essential.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      Consistency<\/strong>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que Docker utilise un m\u00e9canisme fixe pour identifier les couches, les constructions sont plus pr\u00e9visibles. Lorsqu'une couche est mise en cache, vous pouvez \u00eatre assur\u00e9 que le r\u00e9sultat restera coh\u00e9rent d'une construction \u00e0 l'autre, \u00e0 condition que les entr\u00e9es de la couche n'aient pas chang\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      Rentabilit\u00e9<\/strong>Dans les environnements cloud o\u00f9 la puissance de calcul est factur\u00e9e \u00e0 l'usage, des compilations plus rapides peuvent r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts. Plus vous \u00eates capable de compiler et de d\u00e9ployer votre application rapidement, moins vous devez payer pour les ressources de calcul.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Bonnes Pratiques pour l'Optimisation des Caches de Construction<\/h3>\n

      Bien que le m\u00e9canisme de cache de construction de Docker soit puissant, certaines strat\u00e9gies peuvent am\u00e9liorer davantage son efficacit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      1. Order Your Instructions Wisely<\/h4>\n

      L'ordre des commandes dans votre Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code> can significantly impact caching. Place the commands that are least likely to change at the top. For example, if you set up your base environment and install dependencies before copying your application code, Docker can cache the base image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and dependency installations. Changes to application code won’t invalidate the cached layers for these commands.<\/p>\n

      # Mauvaise pratique\nCOPIE<\/a><\/span>COPY is a command in computer programming and data management that facilitates the duplication of files or data from one location to another, ensuring data integrity and accessibility. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> . \/app\nRUN<\/a><\/span>\"RUN\" refers to a command in various programming languages and operating systems to execute a specified program or script. It initiates processes, providing a controlled environment for task execution. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> npm install\n\n# Good Practice\nCOPIE<\/a><\/span>COPY is a command in computer programming and data management that facilitates the duplication of files or data from one location to another, ensuring data integrity and accessibility. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> package.json \/app\nRUN<\/a><\/span>\"RUN\" refers to a command in various programming languages and operating systems to execute a specified program or script. It initiates processes, providing a controlled environment for task execution. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> npm install\nCOPIE<\/a><\/span>COPY is a command in computer programming and data management that facilitates the duplication of files or data from one location to another, ensuring data integrity and accessibility. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> . \/app<\/code><\/pre>\n
      2. Utilisez des balises sp\u00e9cifiques pour les images de base<\/h4>\n
      When using a base image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, it\u2019s a good practice to pin to a specific version instead of using the latest<\/code> balise. En utilisant latest<\/code> can lead to unexpected changes in your build due to updates in the base image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, invalidating your cached layers.<\/p>\n
      # Mauvaise pratique\nDE n\u0153ud<\/a><\/span>Node, or Node.js, is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine, enabling server-side scripting. It allows developers to build scalable network applications using asynchronous, event-driven architecture. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:latest\n\n# Good Practice\nFROM n\u0153ud<\/a><\/span>Node, or Node.js, is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine, enabling server-side scripting. It allows developers to build scalable network applications using asynchronous, event-driven architecture. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:14<\/code><\/pre>\n
      3. Leverage Multi-Stage Builds<\/h4>\n
      Multi-stage builds allow you to create a series of intermediate images that can be used for different purposes. This can significantly reduce the final image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> size and optimize caching. For instance, you might use one stage to install dependencies and another to build your application, minimizing the layers in your final image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n
      # Multi-stage Build\nFROM n\u0153ud<\/a><\/span>Node, or Node.js, is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine, enabling server-side scripting. It allows developers to build scalable network applications using asynchronous, event-driven architecture. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:14 en tant que constructeur\nWORKDIR<\/a><\/span>L'instruction `WORKDIR` dans le Dockerfile d\u00e9finit le r\u00e9pertoire de travail pour les instructions suivantes. Elle simplifie la gestion des chemins, car tous les chemins relatifs seront r\u00e9solus \u00e0 partir de ce r\u00e9pertoire, am\u00e9liorant ainsi la clart\u00e9 de la construction. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \/app\nCOPIE<\/a><\/span>COPY is a command in computer programming and data management that facilitates the duplication of files or data from one location to another, ensuring data integrity and accessibility. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> package.json .\/\nRUN<\/a><\/span>\"RUN\" refers to a command in various programming languages and operating systems to execute a specified program or script. It initiates processes, providing a controlled environment for task execution. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> npm install\nCOPIE<\/a><\/span>COPY is a command in computer programming and data management that facilitates the duplication of files or data from one location to another, ensuring data integrity and accessibility. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> . .\nRUN<\/a><\/span>\"RUN\" refers to a command in various programming languages and operating systems to execute a specified program or script. It initiates processes, providing a controlled environment for task execution. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> npm run<\/a><\/span>\"RUN\" refers to a command in various programming languages and operating systems to execute a specified program or script. It initiates processes, providing a controlled environment for task execution. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> build\n\nFROM nginx:alpine\nCOPIE<\/a><\/span>COPY is a command in computer programming and data management that facilitates the duplication of files or data from one location to another, ensuring data integrity and accessibility. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> --from=builder \/app\/build \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n
      4. Utilisez les arguments de construction et les variables d'environnement avec mod\u00e9ration.<\/h4>\n
      Alors que les arguments de build (Argument<\/a><\/span>ARG est une directive utilis\u00e9e dans les Dockerfiles pour d\u00e9finir des variables de construction qui permettent de param\u00e9trer vos builds. Ces variables peuvent influencer la mani\u00e8re dont une image est construite, permettant aux d\u00e9veloppeurs de cr\u00e9er des images Docker plus flexibles et r\u00e9utilisables. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code>) et variables d'environnement (ENV<\/a><\/span>ENV, ou Variables d'Environnement, sont cruciales dans le d\u00e9veloppement logiciel et la configuration syst\u00e8me. Elles stockent des valeurs dynamiques qui affectent l'environnement d'ex\u00e9cution, permettant un comportement flexible des applications sur diff\u00e9rentes plateformes. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code>) peuvent \u00eatre utiles, elles peuvent entra\u00eener une invalidation du cache si elles sont fr\u00e9quemment modifi\u00e9es. Utilisez-les avec discernement pour \u00e9viter des reconstructions inutiles.<\/p>\n
      5. Clean Up Unused Data<\/h4>\n
      Si vous g\u00e9n\u00e9rez des fichiers temporaires ou des caches pendant le processus de construction, envisagez de les nettoyer \u00e0 la fin de votre Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code> to keep your images as lean as possible. This cleanup will not necessarily affect caching, but it will optimize image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> taille.<\/p>\n
      Erreurs courantes \u00e0 \u00e9viter<\/h3>\n
      While build caches can be a boon for speeding up your Docker builds, there are some common pitfalls to be wary of:<\/p>\n
      1. Invalider le cache<\/h4>\n
      Unintentionally invalidating the cache can lead to longer build times. Ensure that your Dockerfile<\/a><\/span>A Dockerfile is a script containing a series of instructions to automate the creation of Docker images. It specifies the base image, application dependencies, and configuration, facilitating consistent deployment across environments. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code> est structur\u00e9 de telle sorte que les couches rarement modifi\u00e9es sont construites en premier.<\/p>\n
      2. Overlooking Layer Size<\/h4>\n
      Each layer adds to the size of the final image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. If a command generates a large amount of data that is not necessary in the final image<\/a><\/span>Une image est une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle d'un objet ou d'une sc\u00e8ne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9e de pixels dans les formats num\u00e9riques. Elle peut transmettre des informations, susciter des \u00e9motions et faciliter la communication \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias. More \u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, it\u2019s better to minimize this at the source rather than allowing it to contribute to each layer.<\/p>\n
      3. Changements fr\u00e9quents de r\u00e9pertoire de travail<\/h4>\n
      Si votre r\u00e9pertoire de travail contient des fichiers qui changent fr\u00e9quemment, cela peut entra\u00eener l'invalidation du cache pour toutes les couches suivantes. Envisagez de structurer vos fichiers de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 s\u00e9parer les fichiers stables des fichiers qui changent fr\u00e9quemment.<\/p>\n
      Conclusion<\/h3>\n
      Le cache de construction dans Docker est un composant essentiel qui am\u00e9liore l'efficacit\u00e9 du processus de construction. En mettant en cache les couches, Docker peut gagner du temps et des ressources, permettant aux d\u00e9veloppeurs de se concentrer sur l'\u00e9criture de code plut\u00f4t que d'attendre la fin des constructions. Comprendre le fonctionnement des caches de construction, appliquer les meilleures pratiques et \u00e9viter les pi\u00e8ges courants peut consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9liorer votre exp\u00e9rience Docker.<\/p>\n
      As the landscape of software development continues to evolve, mastering tools like Docker\u2014and understanding concepts like build caching\u2014becomes increasingly important for developers and teams seeking to optimize their workflows and improve application delivery. By leveraging the power of build caches wisely, you can ensure that your development process is not only faster but also more efficient and cost-effective.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      A build cache in Docker stores intermediate images generated during the build process, speeding up subsequent builds by reusing these cached layers instead of recreating them.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":290,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-optimization-and-best-practices"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is a build cache in Docker? - Dockerpros<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dockerpros.com\/fr\/optimisation-et-meilleures-pratiques\/what-is-a-build-cache-in-docker\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is a build cache in Docker? 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